2015年の世界有病率は約0.77%で、30〜89歳の推定2800万人が罹患している1)。40歳以上に限ると有病率は約2.0%とされる。日本における大規模疫学データとして、久山町研究では9年間の累積発症率とリスク因子が報告されている2)。Beaver Dam Eye Studyによる15年間の累積発症率はRVO全体で2.3%と報告されている1)。有病率は年齢とともに有意に上昇し、60歳以降で高い4)。東アジアでの発症率は米国と同等との報告があり、韓国ではやや高い可能性も示唆されている12)。
Lee JH, et al. Rapid progression of cataract to mature stage after intravitreal dexamethasone implant injection: a case report. BMC Ophthalmol. 2019. Figure 1. PMCID: PMC6318997. License: CC BY.
Treat-and-extend(T&E):投与間隔を個別に延長する方式。PRN投与と短期成績は同等との報告がある。SCORE2試験のT&E vs monthly比較では、T&Eで1〜2回少ない注射で同等の視力転帰が示されたが、CI幅が広く慎重な解釈が必要である16)。BRIGHTER試験24か月の結果では、ラニビズマブ単独とラニビズマブ+レーザー併用で視力転帰に差がなく、レーザー追加のメリットは示されなかった17)。RETAIN 4年データでも同様にレーザー追加の効果はなかった12)。
BALATON試験では、ファリシマブ6mgとアフリベルセプト2mgの24週間比較において、CST減少はそれぞれ-311.4μmと-304.4μmで同等であった。注目すべきは、FA上の黄斑漏出消失率がファリシマブ群で有意に高かった点(33.6% vs 21.0%、P=0.0023)である15)。COMINO試験でも同様に44.4% vs 30.0%とファリシマブ群で高く、Ang-2阻害による血管安定化効果が示唆されている。
Part 2(24〜72週)ではmodified T&Eレジメンにより最大16週間隔への延長が検討されている15)。長期の耐久性および投与間隔に関するデータが待たれる。
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Jaulim A, Ahmed B, Khanam T, Chatziralli IP. Branch retinal vein occlusion: epidemiology, pathogenesis, risk factors, clinical features, diagnosis, and complications. An update of the literature. Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.). 2013;33(5):901-10. doi:10.1097/IAE.0b013e3182870c15. PMID:23609064.
Rogers S, McIntosh RL, Cheung N, et al. The prevalence of retinal vein occlusion: pooled data from population studies from the United States, Europe, Asia, and Australia. Ophthalmology. 2010;117:313-9. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2009.07.017. PMID:20022117; PMCID:PMC2945292.
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Chou KT, Huang CC, Tsai DC, et al. Sleep apnea and risk of retinal vein occlusion: a nationwide population-based study of Taiwanese. Am J Ophthalmol. 2012;154:200-5. doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2012.01.011. PMID:22464364.
Wu CY, Riangwiwat T, Limpruttidham N, et al. Association of retinal vein occlusion with cardiovascular events and mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Retina. 2019;39:1635-45. doi:10.1097/IAE.0000000000002472. PMID:30829987.
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Tanaka H, et al. Branch retinal vein occlusion post severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccination. Taiwan J Ophthalmol. 2022;12:202-5. doi:10.4103/tjo.tjo_24_22. PMID:35813793; PMCID:PMC9262010.
Girioni M, et al. Bilateral BRVO after mRNA-SARS-CoV-2 booster dose vaccination. J Clin Med. 2023;12:1325.
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Campochiaro PA, Heier JS, Feiner L, et al. Ranibizumab for macular edema following branch retinal vein occlusion: six-month primary end point results of a phase III study (BRAVO). Ophthalmology. 2010;117:1102-12. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2010.02.021. PMID:20398941.
Clark WL, Boyer DS, Heier JS, Brown DM, Haller JA, Vitti R, et al. Intravitreal Aflibercept for Macular Edema Following Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion: 52-Week Results of the VIBRANT Study. Ophthalmology. 2016;123(2):330-336. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2015.09.035. PMID:26522708.
Tadayoni R, Paris LP, Danzig CJ, et al. Efficacy and safety of faricimab for macular edema due to retinal vein occlusion: 24-week results from the BALATON and COMINO trials. Ophthalmology. 2024;131:950-60. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2024.01.029. PMID:38280653.
Scott IU, VanVeldhuisen PC, Ip MS, Blodi BA, Oden NL, Altaweel M, Berinstein DM, SCORE2 Investigator Group. Comparison of Monthly vs Treat-and-Extend Regimens for Individuals With Macular Edema Who Respond Well to Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Medications: Secondary Outcomes From the SCORE2 Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA ophthalmology. 2018;136(4):337-345. doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2017.6843. PMID:29476687; PMCID:PMC5876862.
Tadayoni R, Waldstein SM, Boscia F, et al. Sustained benefits of ranibizumab with or without laser in branch retinal vein occlusion: 24-month results of the BRIGHTER study. Ophthalmology. 2017;124:1778-87. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2017.06.027. PMID:28807635.
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