1869年にドイツの眼科医テオドール・フォン・レーバー(Theodor Karl Gustav von Leber, 1840–1917)によって初めて報告された。なお、同じレーバーが1871年に報告したレーバー遺伝性視神経症(LHON)は20歳前後で発症するミトコンドリア疾患であり、LCAとは全く異なる疾患である。1957年に網膜電図(ERG)での波形消失がLCA診断の共通特徴として確認され、疾患名が確立した。
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