Hao S, Liu C, Li N, et al. A deep learning model for detection of diabetic retinopathy. PLoS One. 2022. Figure 1. Source ID: Wikimedia Commons / Fundus_-_diabetic_retinopathy.png. License: CC BY 4.0.
Wong TY, Klein R, Klein BE, Tielsch JM, Hubbard L, Nieto FJ. Retinal microvascular abnormalities and their relationship with hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and mortality. Survey of ophthalmology. 2001;46(1):59-80. doi:10.1016/s0039-6257(01)00234-x. PMID:11525792.
Grundy SM, Cleeman JI, Daniels SR, Donato KA, Eckel RH, Franklin BA, Gordon DJ, Krauss RM, et al. Diagnosis and management of the metabolic syndrome: an American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Scientific Statement. Circulation. 2005;112(17):2735-52. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.169404. PMID:16157765.
Alberti KG, Eckel RH, Grundy SM, et al. Harmonizing the metabolic syndrome: a joint interim statement of the International Diabetes Federation Task Force on Epidemiology and Prevention; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; American Heart Association; World Heart Federation; International Atherosclerosis Society; and International Association for the Study of Obesity. Circulation. 2009;120(16):1640-1645. PMID:19805654. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192644.
Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). The Lancet. 1998;352(9131):837-853. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(98)07019-6.
Adams MK, Simpson JA, Aung KZ, Makeyeva GA, Giles GG, English DR, et al. Abdominal obesity and age-related macular degeneration. American journal of epidemiology. 2011;173(11):1246-55. doi:10.1093/aje/kwr005. PMID:21422060.
Usha Chakravarthy, Tien Y Wong, Astrid Fletcher, Elisabeth Piault, Christopher Evans, Gergana Zlateva, et al. Clinical risk factors for age-related macular degeneration: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Ophthalmol. 2010;10(1). doi:10.1186/1471-2415-10-31.
Lim DH, Shin KY, Han K, et al. Differential effect of the metabolic syndrome on the incidence of retinal vein occlusion in the Korean population: a nationwide cohort study. Transl Vis Sci Technol. 2020;9(13):15. PMID: 33344059. PMCID: PMC7726586. doi:10.1167/tvst.9.13.15.
Mori K, Ando F, Nomura H, Sato Y, Shimokata H. Relationship between intraocular pressure and obesity in Japan. International journal of epidemiology. 2000;29(4):661-6. doi:10.1093/ije/29.4.661. PMID:10922342.
Nicholson B, Noble J, Forooghian F, Meyerle C. Central serous chorioretinopathy: update on pathophysiology and treatment. Surv Ophthalmol. 2013;58(2):103-126. PMID: 23410821. PMCID: PMC3574296. doi:10.1016/j.survophthal.2012.07.004.
Braich PS, Howard MK, Singh JS. Dyslipidemia and its association with meibomian gland dysfunction. Int Ophthalmol. 2016;36(4):469-476. doi:10.1007/s10792-015-0149-4.
González-Devesa D, Suárez-Iglesias D, Diz JC, Esmerode-Iglesias A, Ayán C. Systematic review on the impact of exercise on intraocular pressure in glaucoma patients. Int Ophthalmol. 2024;44:298. PMID: 39160282. PMCID: PMC11333518. doi:10.1007/s10792-024-03216-4.
Vilsbøll T, Christensen M, Junker AE, Knop FK, Gluud LL. Effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on weight loss: systematic review and meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials. BMJ (Clinical research ed.). 2012;344:d7771. doi:10.1136/bmj.d7771. PMID:22236411; PMCID:PMC3256253.
Keech AC, Mitchell P, Summanen PA, O’Day J, Davis TM, Moffitt MS, et al. Effect of fenofibrate on the need for laser treatment for diabetic retinopathy (FIELD study): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet (London, England). 2007;370(9600):1687-97. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61607-9. PMID:17988728.
Almpanidou S, Vachliotis ID, Goulas A, Polyzos SA. The potential role of adipokines and hepatokines in age-related ocular diseases. Metabol Open. 2025;26:100365. PMID: 40330313. PMCID: PMC12053655. doi:10.1016/j.metop.2025.100365.