COL4A5遺伝子はX染色体(Xq22)に位置し、51エクソンから構成される6)。変異の種類はミスセンス変異(約38%)が最多で、欠失変異(約15.9%)、スプライシング変異(約14.9%)が続く6)。中国人X連鎖型AS患者の文献レビューでは、欠失変異を有する男性はミスセンス変異に比べ末期腎不全に進行する割合が高い(36.0% vs 15.4%、P=0.041)6)。
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Chen D, Zhang L, Rao J, Zhou Y, Dai L, Huang S, Yang C, Bian Q, Zhang T, Yang X.. Effects of a Novel COL4A3 Homozygous/Heterozygous Splicing Mutation on the Mild Phenotype in a Family With Autosomal Recessive Alport Syndrome and a Literature Review. Mol Genet Genomic Med. 2025;13(2):e70053. doi:10.1002/mgg3.70053. PMID:39924725; PMCID:PMC11807844.
Liu R, Liu F. Coincidence of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease and Alport syndrome: a case report and literature review. CEN case reports. 2026;15(1):24. doi:10.1007/s13730-025-01057-3. PMID:41557100; PMCID:PMC12819896.
Gong WY, Liu FN, Yin LH, Zhang J. Novel Mutations of COL4A5 Identified in Chinese Families with X-Linked Alport Syndrome and Literature Review. BioMed research international. 2021;2021:6664973. doi:10.1155/2021/6664973. PMID:33748275; PMCID:PMC7943288.
Hu X, Zhang J, Lv Y, Chen X, Feng G, Wang L, et al. Preimplantation Genetic Testing Prevented Intergenerational Transmission of X-Linked Alport Syndrome. Kidney diseases (Basel, Switzerland). 2021;7(6):514-520. doi:10.1159/000517796. PMID:34901197; PMCID:PMC8613584.
Mismetti V, Perquis MP, Hamdi L, Froudarakis ME, Vergnon JM. Pulmonary calcinosis associated with Alport syndrome. Respiratory medicine case reports. 2022;39:101727. doi:10.1016/j.rmcr.2022.101727. PMID:36060641; PMCID:PMC9428909.