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A hereditary vitreoretinal disease characterized by retinal vascular dysplasia due to genetic abnormalities. Features include peripheral avascular retina, retinal traction, and exudative changes, leading to retinal detachment in severe cases.

FDT (Frequency Doubling Technology) is a visual field test that utilizes the frequency doubling illusion. It is used for early glaucoma screening by detecting selective damage to the M-cell system.

A technology that automates the key steps of cataract surgery (corneal incision, capsulotomy, and lens fragmentation) using a femtosecond laser. It offers safety and visual outcomes comparable to conventional phacoemulsification, with superior precision and reproducibility of capsulotomy.

Comprehensive explanation of the definition, epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of floppy eyelid syndrome (FES). Details the association with obstructive sleep apnea, clinical evaluation of tarsal laxity, and from conservative therapy to surgery.

The foldable capsular vitreous body (FCVB) is a novel vitreous replacement device developed for eye preservation in severe retinal detachment and ocular trauma. It consists of a capsule, tube, and valve, featuring 360-degree retinal support and prevention of silicone oil emulsification.

A disease caused by dysfunction of the fourth cranial nerve (trochlear nerve) that innervates the superior oblique muscle, resulting in hypertropia, excyclotorsion, and vertical diplopia on the affected side. Trauma, ischemia, and congenital causes are the main etiologies, and the Bielschowsky head tilt test is useful for diagnosis.

A disease caused by dysfunction of the fourth cranial nerve (trochlear nerve) that innervates the superior oblique muscle, resulting in ipsilateral hypertropia, excyclotorsion, and vertical diplopia. Trauma, ischemia, and congenital causes are the main etiologies, and the Bielschowsky head tilt test is useful for diagnosis.

François Central Cloudy Corneal Dystrophy (CCCD) is a rare corneal dystrophy characterized by bilateral, symmetrical, polygonal gray opacities in the posterior stroma of the central cornea. It is non-progressive and usually does not affect visual function; observation is the standard management.

A comprehensive explanation of Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) from a Japanese perspective, covering definition, Krachmer classification, epidemiology, TCF4/COL8A2 genes, diagnosis, DMEK/DSAEK/DWEK, ROCK inhibitor eye drops, and cultured endothelial cell injection therapy.

Fuchs heterochromic iridocyclitis (FHI) is a unilateral uveitis characterized by the triad of iris heterochromia, chronic iridocyclitis, and cataract. Stellate keratic precipitates, iris atrophy, and Amsler sign are characteristic. Steroids are ineffective, so observation is generally recommended. An association with rubella virus has been suggested.

Endophthalmitis caused by various fungi migrating into the eye. Most cases are endogenous (hematogenous metastasis), with IVH patients and candidemia as major risk factors. Standard treatment includes systemic administration of antifungal agents such as fluconazole and voriconazole, along with vitrectomy.

Fungal keratitis (corneal mycosis) is a severe eye infection caused by fungi such as filamentous fungi and Candida species. It often progresses slowly and is resistant to treatment, potentially leading to corneal perforation and blindness.