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病理学的には角膜上皮幹細胞の機能異常がみられ、上皮とBowman膜に異常をきたし、血管豊富なパンスが形成される。palisades of Vogtの形成不全から結膜組織の侵入・角化へと進行する1)。無虹彩症関連角膜症(AAK)は主に輪部幹細胞欠損(LSCD)によって引き起こされるが、角膜上皮の異常分化・接着異常・結膜細胞の浸潤・涙液産生不足も関与する。PAX6によって調節されるマトリックスメタロプロテアーゼ9(MMP-9)の欠乏がフィブリン蓄積と炎症細胞浸潤を引き起こし、実質のコラーゲン配列の乱れから透明性が失われると考えられている。
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